Emakumeen laneratzea, EAEko gizarteak azken 40 urteetan bizi izan duen aldaketa nagusienetako bat
Emakumeen sarrera lan munduan izan da euskal gizarteak azken 40 urteetan bizi izan duen aldaketa handienetako bat. Hala erakusten du, igande eta astelehen honetan, Eusko Jaurlaritzaren 45. urteurrenaren harira, EITBko hedabideetan argitaratuko den EITB Data azterlanak.
80ko hamarkadan, etxetik kanpora lan egiten zuten eta ordaindutako lanpostu bat zeukaten emakumeak ez ziren asko. 1985ean, enplegu bat zeukaten guztien % 28 bakarrik ziren emakumeak. Datu horrek gora egin du urteak igaro ahala, eta 2024an, landunen % 48 izatera iritsi ziren.
Lau hamarkadaren ondoren, 340.000 pertsona gehiago daude Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoan ordaindutako lanpostu batekin; alegia 652.000 izatetik 993.000 izatera pasa dira. Lanpostu berri horien % 86 (293.000) emakumeen esku daude.
Aipatzekoa da 1985ean lan egiteko adina (20-64 urte) zeukaten pertsonen % 50ek soilik zeukatela lana. Gaur egun, okupazio tasa % 76an dago.
Tasa hori gizonezko zein emakumezkoetan igo da, baina emakumeen okupazio-tasak hazkunde ikusgarria bizi izan du: % 31tik % 72ra igaro da. Gizonezkoen kasuan, berriz, % 66tik % 79rako igoera izan du. Beraz, generoen arteko arrakala 35 puntu portzentual izatetik 7ra jaitsi da.
Gaur egun, zerbitzuen sektorean lan egiten du lanpostu bat daukaten emakumeen gehiengo zabal batek, % 89,5ek. %8,7 industrian ari da, % 1,4 eraikuntzan, eta % 0,4 nekazaritza edo arrantzan.
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