Zer da ezkabia eta nola tratatzen da? Larruazaleko infekzio hori ulertzeko hainbat gako, hemen
Ezkabia tratatzeko antifungiko topikoak erabiltzen dira, baina kasu larrietan eta buru-larruazala edo azazkalak hartu dituenean, botikak hartu behar izaten dira zenbait astez edo hilabetez, farmaziako adituek EITB Mediari azaldu diotenez.
Basauriko Urbi Institutuan DBHko 4. mailako ikasleen artean hiru ezkabia kasu daudela baieztatu da, eta orain larruazaleko gaitz horri buruzko zalantzak zabaldu dira. Eusko Jaurlaritzako Osasun Sailaren arabera, aldian-aldian izaten dira infekzio horren agerraldiak.
Ezkabiak ondoeza eragin dezake eta oso kutsakorra da, baina tratamendua eraginkorra da erabat, eta azkar sendatzen da jarraibide egokiak betez gero. Eskola-eremuan zabaltzen ez dela zaintzea, goiz detektatzea eta familien lankidetza funtsezkoak dira balizko agerraldiak kontrolatzeko.
Baina, zer da ezkabia? Zeintzuk dira sintomak? Nola tratatzen da? Eta, nola prebenitzen da?
Larruazalean dermatofitoek eragiten duten infekzio fungikoa da. Dermatofitoek keratinaz (larruazalean, ilean eta azazkaletan dagoen proteina bat) elikatzen den onddo mota bat osatzen dute. Izena gorabehera, lesioek forma zirkularra dute eta gorputzeko hainbat alderdi har ditzakete:
- Buru-larruazala (tinea capitis)
- Gorputzeko azala (tinea corporis)
- Oinak (tina pedis edo atleta-oina)
- Izterrondoa (tinea cruris)
Sendagaiak eta prebentzioa
Farmaziako adituek EITB Mediari azaldu diotenez, ohiko sendabidea da topiko antifungikoak ematea (kremak edo lozioak). Hala ere, buruko larruazala hartzen duenean, gela erabili behar izaten da. Kasu akutuetan, onddoen aurkako botikak ahotikak hartu behar izaten da.
Tratamenduaren iraupenari dagokionez, iturri horrexeren arabera, gaitzak hartutako gunearen eta infekzioaren larritasunaren araberakoa da, baina, oro har, hau da: 2-4 aste antifungiko topikoekin (kremak, lozioak eta gelak), larruazaleko kasuetarako (gorputza, izterrondoa, oinak); 4-8 aste buru-larruazaleko ezkabia kasuetan, normalean botikak ahotik hartzen dira (antifungikoak, hala nola griseofulbina eta terbinafina), kremak ez baitira ondo xurgatzen ile-folikuluetatik. Azazkaletako ezkabiak, berriz, hainbat hilabete behar ditu sendatzeko (3-6 hilabete edo gehiago) eta ia beti ahoko antifungikoak hartu behar izaten dira, azazkalak berriro atera arte ez baita sendatzen.
Zeintzuk dira sintomak?
Ezkabia azaleratzen denean, gune gorrixkak dituen erupzio zirkular gisa agertu ohi da, ertzak handituta ageri ohi dira, eta erdialdea argiagoa izaten da. Azkura, ezkatatzea eta, kasu batzuetan, kaltetutako eremuan ilea erortzea eragin dezake. Kutsakorra da, oso, eta kutsatutako pertsona batekin, animaliekin (katuak eta txakurrak, adibidez) edo kutsatutako gainazalekin (toallak, arropa eta dutxa publikoak) kontaktu zuzena izanez gero heda daiteke.
Kutsatzea saihesteko, honako hau gomendatzen dute: norberaren gauzak ez partekatzea (orraziak, txanoak, eskuoihalak), oheko arropa eta arropa kutsatuak ondo garbitzea eta higiene ona eta azala lehor edukitzea. Horrez gain, sintomak agertuz gero medikuarengana jotzea gomendatzen da.
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